Download Cancer Clinical Trials: A Critical Appraisal by U. Tröhler (auth.), Dr. Hans Scheurlen, Dr. Richard Kay, PDF
By U. Tröhler (auth.), Dr. Hans Scheurlen, Dr. Richard Kay, Professor Dr. Michael Baum (eds.)
The managed medical trial has turn into an important a part of the clinician's decision-making method. medical trials, even though, nonetheless elevate methodological difficulties which are vital and even as debatable: subgroup research and interactions, meta-analy sis of comparable trials, attention of subjective scientific critiques and people of the general public at huge, evaluation of caliber of lifestyles, pre vention trials, and so forth. In February 1987 we took our 3rd step alongside the line to comparing those matters in dialogues among cli nicians, psychologists, felony specialists, and statisticians. The talks awarded on the assembly have been revised via the authors afterwards and feature been rearranged via the editors to shape a strictly organ 1 2 ized booklet. the 2 previous conferences in 1978 and 1981 targeted strongly on adjuvant treatment in fundamental breast melanoma, yet this most sensible ic served in simple terms as a nucleus within the 3rd assembly. This assembly, even supposing referred to as the 3rd Heidelberg Symposium was once pressured to go away Heidelberg and actually used to be held in Freiburg. with out the curiosity and exuberance of Professor Martin Schu macher and his colleagues in Freiburg the assembly may by no means have taken position. The assembly was once generously supported back through the Federal Ministry of study and know-how (Bundesministe rium flir Forschung und Technologie, BMFT) in the framework of the West German BMFT Breast melanoma research team. we're thankful, particularly, to Mr. Hans W. Herzog for his own in volvement. Juni 1988 H. Scheurlen, R. Kay, M.
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Extra info for Cancer Clinical Trials: A Critical Appraisal
Example text
In this situation intervention must be assigned to social units larger than the individual. This intervention hypothesis led to a decision to study pairs of communities with populations of 50000-170000, with one community of each pair assigned randomly to intervention and the other to serve as a control community. The pairs are formed by matching communities from the same state on economic and demographic variables. The end point for each community will be the quit rate in a random sample of 500 heavy smokers recruited by a random digit-dialing telephone survey.
Byar and Piantadosi (1985) discuss these ideas in more detail. Quster Randomization Cluster randomization refers to randomizing groups of individuals rather than the individuals themselves. I want to illustrate this kind of design with a trial currently in the planning stages at the National Cancer Institute (Table 5). The trial is called the Community Intervention Trial for Smoking Cessation, or COMMIT for short. 40 D. P. Byar Table 5. Design features of the Community Intervention Trial 1. Aimed at heavy smokers 2.
For example, further follow-up of the patients who are withdrawn may be required and specific methods of statistical analysis may be planned. Other unanticipated deviations are discovered during the conduct of the trial or after its completion. One aim underlies all attempts to compensate for the effects of departures from the protocol, namely the avoidance or minimisation of bias in the treatment comparisons of interest. Vwlations of the Entry Criteria Entry criteria serve two broad purposes. First, they attempt to maximise the treatment effects of interest (generally efficacy) by selection of a group of patients who are expected to benefit.