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191, 161 (1951). 49 Martins, C , Hoppe-Seyler's Z. physiol Chem. 257, 29 (1938); ibid. 278, 208 (1943). 60 Johnson, W. , Biochem. J. (London) 33, 1046 (1939). , and Cloutier, A. , J. Biol Chem. 188, 379 (1951). , Euler, Η. , Biochem. J. (London) 33, 1028 (1939). , / . Biol Chem. 174, 133 (1948). " Grafflin, A. , Biochim. et Biophys. Acta 4, 205 (1950). 6δ Sanadi, D . , Littlefield, J. , and Bock, R. , J. Biol Chem. 197, 851 (1952). 66 Sanadi, D . , and Littlefield, J. , / . Biol Chem. 201, 103 (1953).
10. Malic dehydrogenase^^'^*—oxidation of malate to oxalacetate by DPN. , and Schweet, R. , J, Biol. Chem. 196, 551 (1952). ^4 Schweet, R. , Bock, R. , J. Biol. Chem. 196, 563 (1952). « Schweet, R. , / . Biol. Chem. 199, 749 (1952). ^6 Littlefield, J. , and Sanadi, D . , / . Biol Chem. 199, 65 (1952). , Gunsalus, I. , J. Biol Chem. 193, 721 (1951). 48 Stern, J. , Biol Chem. 191, 161 (1951). 49 Martins, C , Hoppe-Seyler's Z. physiol Chem. 257, 29 (1938); ibid. 278, 208 (1943). 60 Johnson, W. , Biochem.
How ever, a mitochondrion as such is recognizable by microscopic and other criteria whether or not it shows enzymatic activity. The term ^'mitochon drion'^ is a structural term and provides no information about the cat alytic properties of the mitochrondrion. The term c y c l o p h o r a s e i s a functional term and refers to the enzymatic activities exhibited by nor mal, intact mitochondria. To overcome the difficulty of naming a unit which has both a structural and functional aspect, the term ^'cyclophorase-mitochondrial system," abbreviated C M .