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By J Levitt
Responses of crops to Environmental Stresses, moment version, quantity I: Chilling, Freezing, and hot temperature Stresses encompasses basically the entire environmental stresses which were intensively investigated. besides the fact that, this version doesn't comprise mineral deficiencies, which include too extensive and contain a box to be included with different stresses.
This booklet makes an attempt to research the probabilities of constructing unified ideas of tension damage and resistance. prepared into 4 elements, this version first discusses the strain techniques, relatively the strain and pressure terminologies, in addition to the character of rigidity damage and resistance. Stresses at chilling, freezing, and high-temperatures are addressed individually.
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Example text
ATPases often show nonlinear relations in Arrhenius plots; yet Kuiper (1972) could not find a distinct transition point for the ATPase from bean roots. Nevertheless, the Q 1 0 decreased when the assay temperature increased. Similarly, in the case of wheat and oats, the activation energy in the high temperature range was lower than in the low temperature range (Kähr and M0ller, 1976). An actual bend in the Arrhenius plot was much less pro nounced in wheat than in oats, for the M g 2 + stimulated ATPase.
They concluded that the declining respiratory rate was limited by the oxidative system and not by the concentration of ADP and ATP. However, even if the P/O ratio is unchanged, this simply means that both phosphorylation and oxidative activity are inhibited by the chilling stress. There w i l l , therefore, have to be a decrease in ATP, compared to that in an unstressed plant with normal aerobic respiration. d. TOXINS Plank (see Smith, 1954) has explained injury by the accumulation of a cell toxin due to disturbances in the normal balance of biochemical processes.
Solov'ev and Nezgovorov (1968) hardened cucumber leaves at 10°C, against chilling injury at 3°-5°C. Cell suspension cultures may also be used to investigate chilling resistance, the results being comparable to those with the seedlings (Breidenbach and Waring, 1977). However, cell lines selected for enhanced chilling resistance did not retain this resistance when allowed to develop into plants (Dix, 1977). It must be emphasized, however, that physiological age may affect the plant's susceptibility to chilling injury (Lyons, 1973).