Download Intelligence and National Security: A Reference Handbook by John Ransom Clark PDF
By John Ransom Clark
Clark provides a quick heritage of the construction and improvement of the intelligence providers within the usa. He facilities his exam at the major constants within the American method of amassing, processing, examining, and utilizing intelligence; switch and a priority for the impression of mystery actions on democratic govt. Resolving the ever-growing want for knowledgeable selection making keeps to place strain at the country's skill to regulate and supply oversight of intelligence. Clark assesses how these forces have led to ongoing alterations to the intelligence gear within the usa. in keeping with different volumes during this sequence, Clark supplementations his narrative with key files and short biographies of influential personalities in the intelligence group to additional illustrate his conclusions.
Clark offers a present, explanatory textual content and reference paintings that offers with what intelligence is, what it may possibly and can't do, the way it capabilities, and why it concerns in the context of furthering American nationwide protection. He describes the U.S. intelligence group ahead of WWII, demonstrating that intellignece amassing and espionage have performed a key function in nationwide defense and struggle because the inception of the Republic. via their ubiquity, Clark establishes them as an important functionality of presidency and governmental determination making. at the present time, the intelligence gear encompasses a variety of actions and organisations. they're all accountable for diversified elements of the perform of gathering, processing, examining, disseminating, and utilizing intelligence. With the death of the Soviet Union in 1991, major stresses began appearing within the U.S. method of the intelligence strategy; Clark concludes by way of chronicling these stresses and the attendant force for switch was once sped up after the terrorist assaults of September eleven, 2001.
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Extra info for Intelligence and National Security: A Reference Handbook
Example text
British intelligence sharing agreement remains secret, FBIS maintains an openly acknowledged partnership with the Monitoring Service of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). The two services have divided the world into radio and television monitoring areas with each responsible for a portion. And, fourth, FBIS engaged in outsourcing long before the term became a catchword for Washington-area consultants. Large volumes of foreign-language material from the print media are farmed out to independent contract translators all over the country.
First of all, its primary product—the FBIS Daily Reports—was available for sale to the public for over twenty years (1974–1996) through the Commerce Department’s National Technical Information Service (NTIS). ”7 Second, for most of its existence, FBIS has been an openly declared intelligence 29 30 Intelligence and National Security organization. At its peak, it had at least nineteen field collection sites worldwide. Those field activities were staffed by a combination of American and foreign national personnel.
In a constrained resource environment, this would mean less support for users who were focused on more strategic issues, such as nuclear nonproliferation. This concern resurfaced after the 9/11 terrorist attacks. 25 26 Intelligence and National Security The INTs HUMINT—Human Intelligence can be derived by covert means (classical spying or espionage), semiopen observations (such as, by a military attach´e), or completely overt activities (discussion with a foreign official). IMINT—Imagery Intelligence comes from images made either from overhead (balloons, airplanes, or satellites) or on the ground.