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Successful conclaves of one or a few days have become normal since then, including in 2006. For the rules of conclave see the authorities cited by Colomer and McLean 1998, p. 14. 4 Practice: Monastic Orders Monastic orders faced the same problem as the papacy. They were not directly subject to papal control at all times, and were required to choose their own leaders and secure an unbroken succession whenever a leader died. The papal bull Exiit qui seminat, promulgated by Pope Nicholas III in 1279, contains provisions for the Franciscan order that illustrates just how reliant on self-determination and tradition the succession issue could be.

6(7), 639–645 (1996) 11. : Regulatory element detection using correlation with expression. Nature Genetics 27, 167–171 (2001) 12. : Integrating regulatory motif discovery and genome-wide expression analysis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 100(6), 3339–3344 (2003) 13. : A string pattern regression algorithm and its application to pattern discovery in long introns. Genome Informatics 13, 3–11 (2002) 14. : Efficiently finding regulatory elements using correlation with gene expression. Journal of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology 2(2), 273–288 (2004) 15.

The experience of the Great Schism in the papacy showed that elections could not be restricted to two candidates. All orders of monks, nuns and friars had to make their own rules for electing their superiors; since they were entirely separate from the ordinary parish clergy, there was no hierarchy except their own to choose their leaders. This is the situation addressed by Llull. 3 Practice: The Papacy Unanimity was first conceived as the only rule that could reveal God's will, but it led to frequent deadlocks, conflicts and schisms.