Download Organic Bromine and Iodine Compounds Handbook of by Alasdair H. Neilson PDF
By Alasdair H. Neilson
This quantity addresses a huge spectrum of the environmental concerns surrounding natural bromine and iodine compounds. It covers their partition one of the environmental booths and the potential of their long-range dissemination. the real factor in their atmospheric chemistry is mentioned intimately within the context of ozone depletion and international warming, and the numerous distinction among the reactions of methyl bromide and methyl iodide are underscored. The mammalian toxicity is mentioned and the mechanisms of the degradation and transformation of natural bromine and iodine compounds addressed. there was enormous curiosity in certainly happening metabolites within the present debate at the destiny and partition of methyl bromide that's a major fungicide and is produced in big amounts as a metabolite of marine algae. the potential traditional prevalence of diphenyl ethers which are used as flame retardants have additionally been raised. A dialogue is given on believable mechanisms for the biosynthesis of consultant natural bromine and natural iodine metabolites. response pathways are illustrated all through and accomplished references are given.
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Additional info for Organic Bromine and Iodine Compounds Handbook of Environmental Chemistry
Example text
It has been suggested that a chemiosmotic process may be used to rationalize the coupling of energy production with concomitant dechlorination [115]. Anaerobic dechlorination is not therefore a tangential metabolic activity but is directly coupled to the metabolism and bioenergetics of the cell. 2. Partial dechlorination – Although complete dechlorination of polyhalogenated compounds under anaerobic conditions has been observed, the most common situation is that in which only partial dehalogenation occurs: all of these reactions are therefore strictly biotransformations.
Neilson toluene dioxygenase and the third chlorotoluene dioxygenase: the data for Pseudomonas putida strain UV4 are from [21]. 2 Benzoates The metabolism of benzoate was studied in a mutant of Alcaligenes eutrophus that was blocked in benzoate degradation. The first reaction was dioxygenation with formation of a 3,5-cyclohexadiene-1,2-dihydrodiol-1-carboxylate–tentatively the cis- isomer [164]. Benzoate dioxygenase is a two-component enzyme of which the reductant contains FAD and [2Fe-2S]. Degradation of benzoates generally involves oxidative decarboxylation to a catechol by a dioxygenase that is distinct from that used for hydrocarbons.
Cell extracts mediated O-methylation when supplemented with S-adenosyl methionine that was therefore presumed to be the methyl donor, and for a Gram-positive Rhodococcus sp. strain 1395 were active towards a wide range of chlorinated and brominated phenols (Table 53) [146]. 2,4,6-Tribromoanisole has been identified in samples of fish and mussels (Mytilis edulis) in Japan although its concentration was only ca. 1% of that of the total PCBs [230] and tetrabromobisphenol-A dimethyl ether in samples of mussels from Japan [231].