Download Trade and Development Report 2008: Commodity Prices, Capital by United Nations PDF
By United Nations
The exchange and improvement document 2008, subtitled ""Commodity costs, Capital Flows and the Financing of funding highlights the ambiguity that the capital negative constructing international is exporting capital to the capital wealthy built international locations. The file indicates transferring the point of interest in monetary regulations from families ""putting more cash aside"" and imports of ""foreign savings"", to the reinvestment of gains and credits production throughout the household banking process.
Read or Download Trade and Development Report 2008: Commodity Prices, Capital Flows and the Financing of Investment PDF
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Extra resources for Trade and Development Report 2008: Commodity Prices, Capital Flows and the Financing of Investment
Example text
In the Russian Federation, soaring exports, particularly of energy and primary commodities, have outpaced import growth but the formerly large surplus on the current account has shrunk. 1 Current-account balance and real effective exchange rate in Eastern Europe and the Russian Federation, 1996–2007 (Simple average) The real appreciation of the exchange rate in Eastern European countries has been exacerbated by the effect of carry-trade operations, whereby capital flows from countries with low inflation and low nominal interest rates to countries with higher inflation and higher nominal interest rates.
1 Commodity price formation and speculation Traditionally, speculators have played a useful role in primary commodity markets by providing opportunities for sellers and buyers of primary commodities to hedge against commodity price risks. However, in recent years speculation may well have become excessive, amplifying price movements to such an extent that they no longer reflect market fundamentals (Masters, 2008). Major commodity exchanges around the world have witnessed record trading volumes helped by the wider use of electronic trading and greater interest by institutional investors.
The group averages hide considerable crosscountry differences. The countries at highest risk of a wage-inflation spiral are those where unit labour costs increased at a faster rate than inflation over the period 2000–2006, and where this trend was not reversed in 2007 (the latest year for which data were available). These countries include Azerbaijan, Iceland, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Norway, Romania, the Russian Federation and Ukraine. Countries with a low or moderate, but increasing risk of an inflationary spiral include Argentina, Australia, Bulgaria, Denmark, Ecuador, Estonia, Lithuania, New Zealand, Poland, Singapore, Sweden and Switzerland.