By Alan Lopez

This dissertation bargains a comparative studying of the of the literary and philosophical position of impact and sympathy inside pivotal writings by means of Chaucer, Adam Smith, Kant, Locke, Emerson, Lewis Carroll, and Artaud, providing, particularly, a rereading of time as an important point inside Enlightenment and Romantic and Modernist narratives on impact and sympathy. In delivering shut readings of salient literary and philosophical narratives on sympathy and impact in the course of those sessions, I query dominant understandings of the relation of time to sympathy, exhibiting, speed those author’s personal readings, that it's time, instead of house, that bills for the opportunity of sympathy. via interpreting those authors’ writings on sympathy and impact with regards to time, we achieve a greater knowing of the literary and historic periodicity of sympathy, and particularly a keener perception into the way a determine characteristically understood because the province of the British Enlightenment may be understood to have its nascent and concluding analogues in Chaucer and Emerson (as figured, for example, in those a number of narratives on own identification, reminiscence and mind's eye, self and different, mourning and loss, estrangement, redemption and forgiveness, all of that may be acknowledged to be associated at the foundation in their affinity to time and its inevitable passings). Following Derrida’s writings on hospitality, time, and friendship,
and Laclau’s and Mouffe’s on group and politics, i don't lots politicize sympathy as convey sympathy because the foundation for the political.

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And we need to understand the feminine so that we can identify May's eventual divergence from it, and, more specifically, January's eventual occupation of it. Simone de Beauvoir's reading is instructive in this regard. In Beauvoir’s reading, women “appear essentially to the male as a sexual being . . She is defined and differentiated with reference to man . . She is the Other” (54). Or, as Kara Donaldson puts it, as the other, women’s words are “divorced from power and her body is subject to the interpretation and mediation of the men who .

In Hansen's reading of Chaucer's Good Women, for instance, women who try to occupy those conventional male spaces are either killed or socially marginalized, a punishment impressed upon them by the narrator for their transgression of gender lines. Yet, in the Merchant’s Tale, there is gender crossing, and it does extricate May from her betrayal of January. To this end, a connected subtext of Hansen's thesis I will argue against is her position that “for women, the crossing of gender lines is often fatal” (170).

Yet, is the principle of transgression or subversion, which can be located in the moment that Hansen defines as “the destabilized notion of integral maleness . . opened up by the inversions and subversions of courtly love” (13), namely the lover’s feminization, the same as the principle that identifies both the social and the political problems posed to the state by courtly love? That is, does Hansen’s reading put at stake the philosophical concerns opened up by courtly love and −39− role reversal, including but going beyond, the disclosure of the inherent instability of masculinity?

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