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Sample text
The most obvious and natural direction to take first was to look at structures which had proved to be the most efficient to specify, design and implement the hardware and software of a complex computer system, and to remember that a well-known principle of engineering is that these structures are necessarily hierarchical (cf. g. [12, 73, 74, 93, 94]). Practical experience, accumulated in several safety cases in nuclear engineering, later corroborated by a formal approach [14], suggested that the evidence required to justify an initial dependability requirement can be organized in a multi-level structure.
3. clm i. evd i, i = 1…4. While the notion of claim is syntactic, evidence is part of the semantics of the justification. How evidence makes a claim statement “true” requires a model to formulate and valuate the statement, which will be the subject of the Description Part of this book. 5 A dependability justification is the set of claims and evidence components which justify the implementation and operation of a set of initial dependability requirements on a computer system, given the environment constraints and the preliminary input-output specifications of this system.
System architects and designers use the terms “requirement” and “requirement specification” in relation to their design work. They do not normally talk about “claims”. One usually starts to make claims on a computer system when an application has to be made for approving or licensing the system for a given usage, or when dealing with regulators, safety authorities or their technical support organizations, or when submitting the system to independent assessment. In those circumstances, another difference is that a requirement is essentially a statement specifying what the computer system is originally designed to do and how, while a claim is a statement addressing the appropriateness of these specifications for a given usage.