By Antonio Clericuzio

In Elements, ideas and Particles, Antonio Clericuzio explores the relationships among chemistry and corpuscular philosophy within the age of the clinical Revolution. technological know-how historians have looked chemistry and corpuscular philosophy as unique traditions. Clericuzio's view is that because the starting of the seventeenth century atomism and chemistry have been strictly hooked up. this is often attested by way of Daniel Sennert and by way of many hitherto little-known French and English usual philosophers. they generally mixed a corpuscular concept of topic with Paracelsian chemical (and scientific) doctrines. Boyle performs a critical half within the current e-book: Clericuzio redefines Boyle's chemical perspectives, by way of exhibiting that Boyle didn't subordinate chemistry to the foundations of mechanical philosophy. while Boyle defined chemical phenomena, he had recourse to corpuscles endowed with chemical, no longer mechanical, homes. the combo of chemistry and corpuscular philosophy was once followed by means of a couple of chemists lively within the final a long time of the seventeenth century, either in England and at the Continent.
utilizing lots of fundamental resources, the writer demanding situations the traditional view of the corpuscular conception of topic as exact with the mechanical philosophy. He issues out that diverse types of the corpuscular philosophy flourished within the seventeenth century. so much of them weren't in accordance with the mechanical thought, i.e. at the view that topic is inert and has in basic terms mechanical homes. through the seventeenth century, energetic rules, in addition to chemical homes, are attributed to corpuscles. Given its wide assurance, the ebook is an important contribution to either background of technology and heritage of philosophy.

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38), pp. 40-1. , p. 101. It is somewhat surprising to see that spirit is both the most active and the heaviest principle. It is apparent that de Clave identifies spirit with mercury . , spirit, salt and oil: Voila quant a la chaleur & a la froideur; mais si nous les considerons suivant l'attouchement qui est appelle ou defmi par quelques-uns, un mouvement des parties tres menues de la matiere reverberee en soymesme, penetrant & dechirant Ie tact, comme par mille & mille pointes, nous trouverons que ceux-la se sont lourdement trompez, qui ont voulu exclure les elemens, d'autant que l'huile, l'esprit & le sel produisent les mesmes effects a nostre attouchement, comme nous venons de declarer aux articles precedens: par ainsi nous pouvons dire que la chaleur ne laisse pour cela d'estre une qualite fixe en l'huile, en l'esprit, & au sel, & un mouvement en iceux a nostre attouchement.

De Clave's definition of spirit contains some degree of ambiguity, as he describes this substance both as distinct and more active than the five principles and also as an acid spirit, namely, one ofthe five principles. In the Nouvelle lumiere philosophique des vrais principes et elemens de nature, which appeared in 1641, de Clave articulated his view of the five principles by criticising the traditional spagyrical theories. His main point was that if a given substance is simple and homogeneous, it does not entail its being an element (or principle).

His adoption of the three principles does not prevent him from expressing criticisms of the tria prima doctrine. He maintains that salts extracted from plants and animals are neither simple nor homogeneous bodies . In addition, he rejects the view that the three principles, which are obtained by fire analysis, were pre-existent. Sennert also questioned the view of mercury as principle. " Sennert replaces mercury with spirit as one of the tria prima. ''" Though his notion of spirit does not replace substantial forms, spiritus has a special status in natural philosophy.

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