By Jan Wolenski

The Lvov-Warsaw university was once energetic in all spheres of philosophy. Its individuals labored within the border quarter among philosophy and disci plines reminiscent of psychology, linguistics, and literary conception. yet its most crucial achievements have been surely in good judgment and philosophical research in accordance with common sense. the current e-book is anxious with fields to which the Lvov-Warsaw tuition made its most vital and recognized contributions. information at the university as a complete are incorporated simply within the first and final a part of the booklet. This paintings is predicated on my monograph (1985), which seemed in Polish. however it isn't basically a translation, simply because a few fragments of the Polish model were passed over (e. g., the bankruptcy on ethics), and a few were revised. Many individuals helped me in my paintings at the ebook in Polish in addition to at the current variation. i need to first point out the past due Izydora D mbska, to whom this ebook is devoted. On a number of unique concerns i've got availed myself of recommendation and data given to me by means of Stefan Amsterdamski, Zdzislaw Augustynek, Kazimierz Czarnota, Henryk Hii, Boleslaw Iwanus, Jacek Jadacki, Jacek KabziIiski, Stanislaw Kiczuk, Tomasz Komendzinski, Janina Kotarbinska, Czeslaw Lejewski, Jerzy Perzanowski, Marian Przet cki, the past due Jerzy Slupecki, Klemens Szaniawski, Stefan Zamecki, Zbigniew Zwinogrodzki i Jan Zygmunt. i'm indebted to Jaakko Hintikka for suggesting that my booklet be trans lated into English and released by means of Reidel. Olgierd Wojtasiewicz helped me to arrange the English textual content.

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There are also problems ... which absorb the human mind most intensely: the problem of the beginning of the universe, the problem whether its development strives for any goal and what that goal may be, the problem of the essential relation between the material and the spiritual world, etc. Finally the results of research done in both spheres of experience must be combined into a systematic whole. All that is a task of metaphysics as that philosophical discipline which is concerned with questions that present themselves to the human mind owing to both internal and sensory experience (1897, pp.

Does not scientific criticism preclude the adoption and propagation of views that would claim to give a final answer to the most difficult problems with which man is faced? The problems of the essence, beginning, and goal of all existence and the destiny of man? Can any answer to such problems be substantiated by scientific methods or make them probable by logical arguments? It seems that between the philosophical, that is metaphysical, world-view and science there is an unbridgeable abyss, as even before Kant, and more decisively than he did, such as abyss was indicated for instance by David Hume (1931, pp.

The greatest translational undertaking which was then achieved was the translation by Witwicki of almost all Plato's dialogues. Translating activity did not develop on a major scale in the period between the world wars; that was due to various reasons, mainly to the difficulty of finding publishers. After World War II an imposing series called the Library of Philosophical Classics was started, and its organizers and translators included philosophers from the Lvov-Warsaw School; Kotarbiriski for many years headed the editorial committee, and D~mbska and Gromska rendered great services as translators.

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