Download Logic: Deductive and Inductive by Carveth Read PDF
By Carveth Read
Professor Carveth learn (1848-1931) was once a nineteenth and twentieth century British thinker and truth seeker. He was once Professor of Philosophy at collage collage London. His works contain: The concept of common sense (1878), good judgment: Deductive and Inductive (1898), The Metaphysics of Nature (1905), normal and Social Morals (1909), The beginning of guy and of His Superstitions (1920) and guy and His Superstitions (1925).
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Extra resources for Logic: Deductive and Inductive
Sample text
4. Most terms (the exceptions and doubtful cases will be discussed hereafter) have two functions, a denotative and a connotative. A term’s denotative function is, to be the name or sign of something or some multitude of things, which are said to be called or denoted by the term. Its connotative function is, to suggest certain qualities and characteristics of the things denoted, so that it cannot be used literally as the name of any other things; which qualities and characteristics are said to be implied or connoted by the term.
Some words go in couples or groups: like ‘up-down,’ ‘former-latter,’ ‘father-mother-children,’ ‘hunter-prey,’ ‘cause-effect,’ etc. These are called Relative Terms, and their nature, as explained by Mill, is that the connotations of the members of such a pair or group are derived from the same set of facts (the fundamentum relationis). There cannot be an ‘up’ without a ‘down,’ a ‘father’ without a ‘mother’ and ‘child’; there cannot be a ‘hunter’ without something hunted, nor ‘prey’ without a pursuer.
But all this significance is local or accidental; it only exists for those who know the individual or have heard him described: whereas a general name gives information about any thing or person it denotes to everybody who understands the language, without any particular knowledge of the individual. We must distinguish, in fact, between the peculiar associations of the proper name and the commonly recognised meaning of the general name. This is why proper names are not in the dictionary. Such a name as London, to be sure, or Napoleon Buonaparte, has a significance not merely local; still, it is accidental.