By Ludwig Wittgenstein

Œuvre maîtresse de ce que les spécialistes appellent "la seconde manière wittgensteinienne", les Recherches philosophiques ont été à maintes reprises remises sur le métier par leur auteur au aspect qu'elles ne sont pas un texte achevé. Publiées en 1953 après los angeles mort de Wittgenstein par deux de ses exécuteurs littéraires, les Recherches se sont très vite imposées non seulement comme un texte de référence en philosophie du langage, mais aussi comme un classique de los angeles philosophie contemporaine. Par leur refus catégorique de toute théorie de l. a. signification et de toute quête d'une terre ferme de l'origine, elles se tiennent à l'écart des targets de l. a. culture analytique comme des présupposés de los angeles culture continentale. Elles frayent los angeles voie à une analytique de los angeles quotidienneté dont on n'a certainement pas fini de mesurer los angeles fécondité. Du fait de leur effect considérable sur divers courants dominants de l. a. philosophie de los angeles fin du XXe siècle, elles sont à l. a. resource de nombre de débats actuels qui débordent très largement le cadre de l. a. philosophie académique.

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Hume, A Treatise of Human Nature, Book I, part iv, Of The Modern Philosophy. Having set out a characterization of the distinction between relational and nonrelational theories of color in Chapter 1, I now want to present what I take to be the core argument for relationalism: the argument from perceptual variation. I’ll present this argument in stages. 1) I’ll give a particular instance of that argument intended to establish the relatively narrow conclusion that colors are best construed in terms of a relation to viewing circumstance.

2). To capture these additional dimensions of variation, every terminal node should be understood to be parametrized ±realist and ±externalist. 20 As an example of a novel non-relationalist view, it is worth mentioning the complex form of non-relationalism of Shoemaker (1994b, lecture III). ; see also Shoemaker (1994a, 2000a,b); Thau (2002)). Shoemaker instead maintains that colors are non-relational, so is a non-relationalist about color. He claims that color experience represents both the (non-relational) color property and the corresponding relational property — he calls the latter a ‘phenomenal property’ or an ‘appearance property’.

First, as noted by Hardin (1988, 76–82), the CIE 1931 Standard Observer, like other scientific and industrial specifications that have been articulated, is a statistical construct drawn from a range of actual individuals, but that differ significantly from most (perhaps as many as 90% of) human visual systems (Evans, 1948, 196–197); therefore, fixing the colors by appeal to such standards would commit one to the unpalatable conclusion that the color discriminations of most (perhaps as many as 90% of) human visual systems are erroneous.

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