Download Uncultivated Microorganisms by Rita R. Colwell (auth.), Slava S. Epstein (eds.) PDF
By Rita R. Colwell (auth.), Slava S. Epstein (eds.)
The variety of latest microbial species can be within the thousands, yet just a couple of thousand were remoted in natural tradition and defined. The central explanation for this great disparity is that, mysteriously, over ninety nine% of all environmental microorganisms refuse to develop within the laboratory. The phenomenon of microbial uncultivability has been famous as one of many major demanding situations for uncomplicated and utilized microbiology, and discovering the way to entry this uncultivated microbial majority may perhaps swap many features of biology and biotechnology as we all know them today.
This quantity describes the invention of the phenomenon, the present hypotheses on its physiological and molecular nature, state of the art methods to "outsmarting" the uncultivated microorganisms, and the significance of the uncultivated microbial majority in drugs and biotechnology. It finds the hidden universe of uncultivated microorganisms, their exceptional range and large strength for application.
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Extra info for Uncultivated Microorganisms
Example text
3 Specificity ................................................................................................................. 4 Quantitation .............................................................................................................. 5 Data Analysis and Standardization ........................................................................... 5 Concluding Remarks.......................................................................................................... References ................................................................................................................................
GAST uses a 66% majority, although other values or a distributional vs. strict percentage approach can be implemented. 5 Expanded Perspective of Microbial Diversity and the “Rare Biosphere” The first massively parallel pyrosequencing studies of hypervariable sequences in rRNA genes targeted the V6 region. A total of ~120,000 tag sequences represented microbial population structures for six paired samples (sample pairs collected at the same coordinates but from different depths) from the meso- and bathypelagic realms at different locations in the North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) loop of the ocean conveyor belt, and two samples of basalt-hosted diffuse hydrothermal vent fluids collected from the 1998 eruption zone of Axial Seamount, an active submarine volcano located on the Juan de Fuca Ridge in the northeast Pacific Ocean (Sogin et al.
2005). While there is some debate over the accuracy of that specific estimation (Bunge et al. 2006; Volkov et al. 2006), it is now well established that there are enormous numbers and diversity of environmental microorganisms that we know little to nothing about – largely because the inability to cultivate these organisms has precluded their phenotypic characterization (Handelsman 2004). , polymerase chain reaction, PCR) has reduced the need for cultivation as a prerequisite for microbial characterization and has resulted in the discovery of many novel organisms; however, most of these methods are relatively of low throughput and reveal only limited information, usually phylogenetic, about the organisms they detect.