By Chris Brown

This concise textual content introduces major theoretical methods and applies them to the vital questions of battle and peace, poverty and wealth, financial administration, and worldwide governance confronting the area this day. transparent and available, the second one version has been revised and up-to-date all through with elevated assurance of globalization and of the rising 21st-century international order.

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In contrast, Steve Smith, Ken Booth and Marysia Zalewski (eds), International Theory: Post-Positivist Perspectives (1996) is a very rewarding but more difficult collection of essays celebrating the range of approaches current in the field, and particularly interesting on methodological and epistemological issues, as is Booth and Smith, International Relations Theory Today (1994). John MacMillan and Andrew Linklater (eds), Boundaries in Question (1995) is an accessible collection on similar lines.

William Keylor, The Twentieth Century World: An International History (1992) is the best available overview. James Joll, The Origins of the First World War (1984) synthesizes the debate on the origin of the war; and H. ), The Origins of the First World War (1972) provides extracts from the key controversialists. A. J. P. Taylor's famous work, The Origins of the Second World War (1961), the thesis of which is that Hitler's diplomacy was not significantly different from that of previous German leaders is now widely regarded as unsatisfactory; current thinking is summarized in E.

Clearly these events were catastrophic in the `real world' but they were equally damaging in the world of ideas. Indeed, the two worlds, as always, were interwoven together ± it was 26 Understanding International Relations the inability of decision-makers and intellectuals to think sensibly about these events which, at least in part, explained their inability to produce effective policy. The apparent inability of liberal internationalists to cope with these events suggested the need for a new conceptual apparatus, or perhaps for the rediscovery of some older ideas.

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