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6 (a) and (b) ZnO nanocrystal decorated nanorods and nanowires. (c) A ZnO nanorod penetrated nanobelt. 2 THE In2O 3 NANOCRYSTAL CHAIN AND NANOWIRE CIRCUIT Transition from a top-down to a bottom-up approach in nanoelectronics through self assembly, as we have mentioned, requires a significant research effort and a profound understanding of the influences of external parameters on the growth of nanostructures. When air was introduced into the tube furnace, we found that In 2O 3 nanostructures grown by vapor transport and condensation are greatly influenced by the atmospheric pressure in the growth zone and by the indium or indium suboxide vapor pressure.

Nanowalls grown at higher temperature exhibit a strong UV peak (380 nm), attributed to the band-edge emission of ZnO wurtzite, with a weak deep band green-yellow peak. Reddish samples grown at lower temperature have a weak UV peak with a large, broad, green-yellow peak. 67 It is widely accepted 68 that the green peak of ZnO is due to radiative recombination of photo-generated holes and electrons associated with oxygen vacancies. Annealing in an oxygen atmosphere at 600qC for 2 h suppresses the green-yellow emission completely, and vacuum annealing at 400qC suppresses both the UV and greenyellow emission by a small amount.

5,17,18 Here we provide a brief account of the strategies for growing various non-carbonbased nanostructures and a description of our contributions to their synthesis and characterization. We present the findings of recent measurements of some of the physical and chemical properties 22,23 of complex hierarchical nanostructures,19–21 nanowalls,22 nanowires,21,23 and the self-assembly of nanocrystal chains and nanowire circuits 24 in various systems. 25,26 Lastly, we consider some possible future applications.

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